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Express con i proxy

When running an Express app behind a reverse proxy, some of the Express APIs may return different values than expected. In order to adjust for this, the trust proxy application setting may be used to expose information provided by the reverse proxy in the Express APIs. The most common issue is express APIs that expose the client’s IP address may instead show an internal IP address of the reverse proxy.

When configuring the trust proxy setting, it is important to understand the exact setup of the reverse proxy. Since this setting will trust values provided in the request, it is important that the combination of the setting in Express matches how the reverse proxy operates.

Quando si esegue un’applicazione Express con un proxy, impostare (utilizzando app.set()) la variabile dell’applicazione trust proxy su uno dei valori elencati nella seguente tabella.

TipoValore
Booleano

Se impostato su true, l’indirizzo IP del client viene considerato come la voce a sinistra dell’intestazione X-Forwarded-*.

Se impostato su false, significa che l’applicazione abbia una connessione diretta a Internet e l’indirizzo IP del client sia arrivato da req.connection.remoteAddress. Questa è l’impostazione predefinita.

When setting to true, it is important to ensure that the last reverse proxy trusted is removing/overwriting all of the following HTTP headers: X-Forwarded-For, X-Forwarded-Host, and X-Forwarded-Proto, otherwise it may be possible for the client to provide any value.
IP addresses

An IP address, subnet, or an array of IP addresses and subnets to trust as being a reverse proxy. The following list shows the pre-configured subnet names:

  • loopback - 127.0.0.1/8, ::1/128
  • linklocal - 169.254.0.0/16, fe80::/10
  • uniquelocal - 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, fc00::/7

È possibile impostare gli indirizzi IP in uno dei seguenti modi:

app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback') // specify a single subnet
app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback, 123.123.123.123') // specify a subnet and an address
app.set('trust proxy', 'loopback, linklocal, uniquelocal') // specify multiple subnets as CSV
app.set('trust proxy', ['loopback', 'linklocal', 'uniquelocal']) // specify multiple subnets as an array

Quando specificati, gli indirizzi IP o le subnet vengono esclusi dal processo di determinazione dell’indirizzo e l’indirizzo IP non attendibile più vicino al server delle applicazioni viene considerato come indirizzo IP del client. This works by checking if req.socket.remoteAddress is trusted. If so, then each address in X-Forwarded-For is checked from right to left until the first non-trusted address.
Numero

Use the address that is at most n number of hops away from the Express application. req.socket.remoteAddress is the first hop, and the rest are looked for in the X-Forwarded-For header from right to left. A value of 0 means that the first untrusted address would be req.socket.remoteAddress, i.e. there is no reverse proxy.

When using this setting, it is important to ensure there are not multiple, different-length paths to the Express application such that the client can be less than the configured number of hops away, otherwise it may be possible for the client to provide any value.
Function

Custom trust implementation.

app.set('trust proxy', (ip) => {
  if (ip === '127.0.0.1' || ip === '123.123.123.123') return true // trusted IPs
  else return false
})

Enabling trust proxy will have the following impact:

L’impostazione trust proxy viene implementata utilizzando il pacchetto proxy-addr. Per ulteriori informazioni, consultare la relativa documentazione.

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